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  • Insights
    • Capital Increase in Joint Stock Companies Under Turkish Law
    • Financial Rights of Shareholders in Limited Liability Companies [Video]
    • Körperschaftsteuer in der Türkei [Video]
    • Relative Grounds for Refusal on Trademark [Video]
    • New Presidential Decree on Export Subsidies
    • Türkiye Hikes the Monetary Limit for Consumer Arbitration
    • Arbeitserlaubnis in der Türkei
    • Türkiye to Raise Transit Fees for International Ships Crossing the Turkish Straits
    • Impôt sur le Revenu en Turquie
    • Executive Compensation under Turkish Law
    • Immobilienerwerb in der Türkei
    • Prohibition on Self-Dealing and Lending to Board Members
    • Amending a Company’s Articles of Association under Turkish Law
    • Value Added Tax Exemption Regarding Real Estate Purchases
    • Obtaining Natural Gas Import License in Turkey
    • Gründung einer Aktiengesellschaft
    • Turkey’s First Artificial Intelligence Strategy (2021-2025)
    • Liability of the Carrier under Turkish Law
    • Übertragung von Aktien in Aktiengesellschaften
    • Les Obligations des Actionnaires D’une S.A.R.L.
    • Pharmaceutical Patents under Turkish Law
    • Intra-Corporate Dispute Arbitration in Turkey
    • Erasure, Destruction and Anonymization of Personal Data
    • Real Estate Transfer Procedure in Turkey [video]
    • Effect of Death on Transfer of Shares in LLCs in Turkey [Video]
    • A New Banking Regulation on Duty of Confidentiality
    • Income Tax in Turkey [Video]
    • Distribution Contracts under Turkish Law
    • Establishing a Branch Office in Turkey [Video]
    • VAT Refund in Turkey: Opportunities for Foreign Companies participating in Trade Shows
    • Protection of Personal Data in Turkey
    • Différence entre une S.A. et une S.A.R.L. [Video]
    • Dismissal of Board Members in Joint Stock Companies
    • Amendments to Turkish Commercial Code for a Faster Liquidation Process
    • Türkiye Extends Temporary Rent Cap on Residential Leases
    • Aufenthaltserlaubnis in der Türkei [Video]
    • Turkish Sukuk Regulation
    • Transfer of Personal Data Abroad under Turkish Law
    • Insurance Arbitration: Update on Claim Thresholds
    • Immobilienübertragung in der Türkei [Video]
    • Turkish Company Formation: Update on Minimum Capital Requirements
    • Markenschutz in der Türkei
    • Immobilienübertragung in der Türkei
    • Landmark Ruling by Turkish Constitutional Court on Women’s Right to Use Pre-Marriage Last Name
    • Electronic General Assembly and Board of Directors Meetings in Sport Clubs
    • Voluntary Subordination of Claims In Case of a Possible Bankruptcy
    • Istanbul Financial Center Law: Various Exemptions for Participants
    • Outbreak of Covid-19 and Force Majeure
    • Secured Lending in Turkey: Pledge over Bank Accounts
    • Dismissal of Board Members in Joint Stock Companies [Video]
    • Arrest of Ships in Turkey
    • Cession d’Action dans les S.A.R.L. [Video]
    • Transfer of Shares in Joint Stock Companies [Video]
    • Importation of Foreign Plated Land Vehicles for Personal Use in Turkey [Video]
    • Patent Protection [Video]
    • Tax Exemptions Concerning Foreign Direct Investments in Turkey
    • Board of Directors’ Authority to Represent a Joint Stock Company
    • Recognition and Enforcement of Arbitral Awards in Turkey
    • Blue Card Program in Turkey [Video]
    • Obligations of LLC Shareholders
    • Übertragung von GmbH-Anteilen
    • Corporate Tax in Turkey [Video]
    • Brokerage Contracts under Turkish Law
    • Création d'une Société à Responsabilité Limitée en Turquie [Video]
    • Création d’un Bureau de Liaison
    • Consent in Protection of Personal Data
    • Gründung einer Zweigniederlassung
    • Covid-19: Adaptation of Insurance Policies
    • Amendments on the Regulation on the Implementation of the Turkish Citizenship Law
    • Übertragung von GmbH Anteilen in der Türkei [Video]
    • Turkish Personal Data Protection Board’s Announcement on Registration to VERBIS
    • A Significant Step for International Mediation: The Singapore Convention on Mediation
    • Immobilienerwerb in der Türkei [Video]
    • Making a Will in Türkiye: Formalities and Key Considerations
    • Blaue Karte in der Türkei
    • Appointment of Directors in Limited Liability Companies Under Turkish Law [Video]
    • Leasing of Residential Properties for Touristic Purposes: New Regulation
    • Le licenciement en Turquie
    • Co-Option in Turkish Joint Stock Companies
    • Beendigung des Arbeitsverhältnisses in der Türkei
    • Streamlined Governance: Turkish Commercial Code Amendment Redefines Board Dynamics for Effective Use of Information and Inspection Rights by Board Members
    • Turkey Adopted a New Commercial Pledge Regime for Movable Assets
    • Gründung eines Gemeinschaftsunternehmens
    • Inspection Rights for LLC Shareholders under Turkish Law
    • Obligations of LLC Shareholders in Turkey [Video]
    • Turkish Regulations to Embrace Digital Means For Consumer Protection
    • Elimination of International Double Taxation under Turkish Law
    • Duties, Authorities and Responsibilities of An LLC Director
    • Secured Lending in Turkey: Establishing a Mortgage over Real Estate
    • Gründung eines Verbindungsbüros in der Türkei [Video]
    • Changes on the Operation of Exchange Offices in Turkey
    • Obligations of Non-resident Data Controllers under Turkish Law
    • Cession d’Action dans les S.A. [Video]
    • Liquidation of Companies [Video]
    • Situation de Blocage dans les S.A.R.L.
    • Changes on Maritime Traffic Scheme of Turkish Straits
    • Turkish Citizenship by Investment [Video]
    • Liquidation des Sociétés en Turquie [Video]
    • E-Commerce in Turkey
    • Turkey Streamlines the Issuance of Signature Declarations of Company Founders
    • Electronic General Assembly System in Joint Stock Companies
    • Establishing an Exchange Office in Turkey [Video]
    • Liquidation von Unternehmen
    • Value Added Tax in Turkey [Video]
    • Constitutional Court’s Decision on the Liability of Members of Board of Directors of Joint Stock Companies
    • The Amendments on the Regulation for Transactions Concerning Real Estates
    • Transfer of Shares by Operation of Law: Death of LLC’s Shareholder
    • Liquidation von Unternehmen in der Türkei [Video]
    • Inheritance Law in Türkiye for Foreigners: Applicable Law
    • Appointment of Directors in Limited Liability Companies Under Turkish Law
    • The Amendment on the Regulation on Freight Forwarders
    • Türkis-Karte in der Türkei
    • Einkommensteuer in der Türkei
    • Türkiye Narrows Down Real Property Options for Citizenship by Investment
    • Types de Contrats de Travail
    • Türkiye: Threshold Update on SMEs’ Definition
    • Extension of Deadlines on the Communique Regarding the Implementation of Article 376 of the TCC
    • Co-Option in Turkish Joint Stock Companies [Video]
    • Work Permits in Turkey [Video]
    • Turkey’s Strategic Plan on Digital Currency
    • Prohibitions Applied to Members of BoD in Joint Stock Companies
    • Renewable Energy Cooperatives
    • Blue Card Program in Turkey
    • Establishing an Exchange Office in Turkey
    • Maritime Liens in Turkey
    • Différences entre une S.A. et une S.A.R.L.
    • Differences Between a JSC and an LLC [Video]
    • Discharge of Board of Directors from Liability in JSC in Turkey [Video]
    • Turkey Launches New Asset Peace Scheme
    • Branch and Liaison Offices of Foreign Companies and Registry of Data Controllers (VERBİS)
    • A New Phase for Lease Contracts of Business Premises in Turkey
    • International Arbitration Regime in Turkey
    • Unterschiede zwischen einer AG und einer GmbH
    • Registered Capital System in JSCs in Turkey [Video]
    • Real Property Pre-Sale Agreements [Video]
    • Novelties on Registration of Foreign Decisions to the Family Registry
    • New Procedure for Purchasing a Real Estate
    • Establishing a Limited Liability Company in Turkey [Video]
    • Acquisition de Biens Immobiliers en Turquie [Video]
    • Validity of Bank Guarantees under Turkish Law
    • A New Non-Banking Financial Service: Savings Finance Company
    • Establishing a Liaison Office in Turkey [Video]
    • Extension of Deadlines on the Asset Peace Scheme
    • Inspection Rights of LLC’s Shareholders under Turkish Law [Video]
    • Impôt sur Les Sociétés en Turquie
    • Turkish Crypto-Asset Regulation
    • Permis de Travail en Turquie
    • Loss of Capital in Türkiye
    • Work Permits for Foreigners to be Employed in the Free Zones [Video]
    • Création d’un Bureau de Change en Turquie
    • Shareholders’ Right to Receive Dividends in Joint Stock Companies [Video]
    • La « Blue Card » en Turquie
    • Update on the Responsibility of the Banks for Each Cheque Leaf
    • Permis de Résidence en Turquie
    • Türkiye Hikes Corporate Tax Rates
    • Secured Lending in Turkey: Enforcing a Mortgage
    • Cession d’Action des Sociétés Anonymes
    • Turkish Citizenship by Investment: A Quick Guide for International Investors
    • Deadlock in Limited Liability Companies
    • Transfer of Shares in Limited Liability Companies [Video]
    • Discharge of Board of Directors from Liability in Joint Stock Companies
    • Termination of Employment [Video]
    • Time Charter Contracts under Turkish Law
    • Turkish Personal Data Protection Board’s Announcement on Corporate Rules for Data Transfers within Multinational Companies
    • Set-up and Licensing of a Payment Institution in Turkey
    • Consumer Protection Against Unfair Commercial Practice: A Recent Amendment
    • VAT Refund for Foreign Companies Participating in Trade Shows [Video]
    • Turkish Citizenship by Investment Program
    • VAT Refund in Turkey: Opportunities for Overseas Transport Companies
    • Real Estate Acquisition in Turkey [Video]
    • Gründung einer Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung in der Türkei [Video]
    • Establishing a Joint Stock Company in Turkey [Video]
    • Gründung eines Gemeinschaftsunternehmens in der Türkei [Video]
    • Foreign Direct Investments in Turkey
    • Turkey Adopts Remote Working Regulation
    • Shareholders’ Withdrawal or Dismissal in Joint Stock Companies
    • Freight Forwarders in Turkey [Video]
    • New Guide on Commercial Advertisings for Social Media Influencers
    • Residence Permits in Turkey [Video]
    • Incoterms 2020 to be Launched in September 2019
    • Legal Persons as a Joint Stock Company Board Member
    • Taxe sur la Valeur Ajoutée en Turquie
    • Intra-Corporate Dispute Arbitration in Türkiye [Video]
    • Sports Joint Stock Companies in Turkey [Video]
    • Independent Audit of Joint Stock Companies in Türkiye
    • Arbeitserlaubnis in der Türkei [Video]
    • Türkiye Recalibrates the Administrative Fines in the Cabotage Act after 15 Years
    • Social Security of Foreign Employees Working in Turkey [Video]
    • Jewelry Trade Business in Türkiye [Video]
    • Non-Delegable Duties and Powers of the General Assembly in Joint Stock Companies [Video]
    • Türkiye: Deadline Set for Minimum Capital Compliance
    • Establishing a Joint Venture in Turkey [Video]
    • Work Permit for Foreigners to be Employed in Turkish Free-trade Zones
    • Création d’une Succursale en Turquie
    • Turkish Property Contracts: Pre-Sale Agreement
    • Shareholders’ Right to Request Information and Examination in Joint Stock Companies
    • Turkish Personal Data Protection Board’s Public Announcement on Covid-19
    • Crowdfunding in Turkey
    • Gründung einer Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung
    • Registered Capital System in Joint Stock Companies in Turkey
    • Ship Sale and Purchase: A Practical Approach
    • A New Communiqué on Bearer Shares
    • Formation and Licensing of an Electronic Money Institution in Turkey
    • Temporary Regulation Regarding the Limitation on the Residential Rental Rate
    • Social Security Regulations [Video]
    • Turkey to Increase the Liability Insurance Limits for Air Carriers
    • Brief Introduction on Export Regime of Turkey
    • A Legal Analysis on The Worldwide Regulations of Cryptocurrencies
    • Gründung eines Verbindungsbüros
    • Importation of Foreign-Plated Land Vehicles for Personal Use in Turkey
    • Free-trade Zones in Turkey [Video]
    • Time Extension for the Distribution of Dividends in Capital Companies
    • New Presidential Decree on Information and Communication Security Measures
    • Création d’une Succursale en Turquie [Video]
    • Création d’une Co-entreprise
    • Convertible Bonds under Turkish Law
    • Turkey Bans the Use of Crypto-assets in Payment Transactions
    • Aufenthaltserlaubnis in der Türkei
    • Legal Persons as a Joint Stock Company Board Member [Video]
    • Amendments to the Guide on Turkish Citizenship by Investment
    • Air Passenger Rights in Türkiye: Regulation Update
    • Financial Rights of Shareholders in Limited Liability Companies
    • Savings Finance Companies in Turkey [Video]
    • EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: The Transitional Period
    • Turkey to Facilitate Real Estate Sales Transactions by Authorising Notaries
    • Prohibition on Self-Dealing and Lending to Board Members [Video]
    • Mehrwertsteuer in der Türkei
    • The Adjusted Minimum Equity Amounts for the Payment and Electronic Money Institutions in Türkiye
    • Air Passengers' Rights Amid Covid-19
    • Establishment of Foreign Bank Branches in Turkey
    • Cession d’Action au sein des S.A.R.L.
    • Insurance Arbitration Schemes in Turkey
    • Covid-19: Suspension of Cheque Presentment
    • Basic Share Transfer in Joint Stock Companies
    • Pharmaceutical Patents under Turkish Law [Video]
    • Gründung einer Aktiengesellschaft in der Türkei [Video]
    • Cross-Border Transfers of Personal Data under Turkish Law
    • Covid-19: The Impact of Law No. 7226 on Arbitral Proceedings
    • Recent Changes in the Turkish Natural Gas Market Law
    • Setting up a Business in Turkish Free-trade Zones
    • Freight Forwarders in Turkey
    • Création d'une Société Anonyme
    • Non-cash Capital Contributions into Turkish Companies
    • Council of State Rules on the Liability Regime Regarding the Public Debts of Limited Liability Companies
    • Création d'une Société Anonyme en Turquie [Video]
    • Formation and Licensing of an Electronic Money Institution in Turkey [Video]
    • The Concept of ‘Commercial Representative’ under Turkish Law
    • Bureau de Liaison [Video]
    • Salvage Reward under Turkish Law
    • Delegation of the Management Authority of the Board of Directors
    • Création d’une Société à Responsabilité Limitée
    • The Draft Communiqué on Remote Identification in Banking Services
    • Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in the United Kingdom
    • Türkiye Updated Ship Passenger Insurance Requirements: Differentiated Limits Based on Voyage Licenses
    • Shareholders' Withdrawal or Dismissal in Joint Stock Companies in Turkey [Video]
    • Independent Audit in JSC under Turkish Law [Video]
    • Procedures on the Execution of Real Estate Sales Transactions by Public Notaries: New Regulation
    • Non-delegable Duties and Authorities of General Assembly in Joint Stock Companies
    • Meeting and Decision Quorums for the General Assembly in Joint Stock Companies
    • A New Legal Entity in Turkish Law: Sports Joint Stock Companies
    • Electronic General Assembly System in Joint Stock Companies [Video]
    • Körperschaftsteuer in der Türkei
    • Türkiye Raises VAT Rates for Goods and Services
    • Capital Increase in Joint Stock Companies Under Turkish Law [Video]
    • A New Era for Jewelry Trade in Turkey
    • Gründung einer Zweigniederlassung in der Türkei [Video]
    • Trademark: Relative Grounds for Refusal
    • Non-cash Capital Contributions into Turkish Companies [Video]
    • Types of Employment Contract in Turkey [Video]
    • Turkish Data Protection Authority Continues to Set Precedents on Data Breach
    • The Effect of Provisional Article 1 of Law No. 7226 on Cheque Law
    • Company Mergers in Turkey
    • Copyright Protection in Turkey [Video]
    • Deadlock in Limited Liability Companies [Video]
    • Commercial Agents under Turkish Law
    • Turkey Continues to Incorporate Crypto-assets into Financial Regulatory Framework
    • Shareholders’ Right to Receive Dividends in Joint Stock Companies
    • Delegation of the Management Authority of the Board of Directors in Turkey [Video]
    • Novelties in Capital Loss and Negative Equity Regulations
    • Nationalité Turque par Investissement [Video]
    • Übertragung von Aktien in Aktiengesellschaften in der Türkei [Video]
    • Liabilities of Members of the Board of Directors in a Joint Stock Company
    • Unterschiede zwischen einer AG und einer GmbH
    • Web-Land Registry: A Project of General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadaster
    • Social Security of Foreign Employees Working in Turkey
    • Création d'une Coentreprise en Turquie [Video]
    • New Procedure on Signature Declaration
    • Trademark License Agreements under Turkish Law
    • Suspension of Execution Proceedings in Turkey
    • Company Demergers in Turkey
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“Gurulkan Çakır Günay”, the “law firm” or the “firm” refers to Gurulkan Çakır Günay Avukatlık Ortaklığı, an attorney partnership registered with Istanbul Bar Association with a license number 105 and with the Union of Turkish Bar Associations with a license number 206. 

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